Device not charging when off, but charges when completely off

If you used a particularly cheap cable from Amazon, eBay, Wish, AliExpress, or any other retailer that sells cheap cables, you might have damaged TriStar. What happens when you flip the cable’s orientation around? Does the same issue happen? For context, TriStar is a USB validating chip. Apple designed that chip to detect whether or not the accessories you’re connecting are certified, even from aftermarket manufacturers. The reason being is apple designed a special circuit board that is attached to the lightning connector that talks to TriStar. On this proprietary circuit board there’s built in surge protection. Apple sells this circuit board to third party manufacturers and cheap accessory manufacturers don’t have proper surge protection which results in damage to TriStar and can lead to the issue you’re experiencing. There’s a tool you can buy to test it yourself but they’re around $150 or call around your local repair shops and see if they have a TriStar tester.