Why won't cables fit my ports after phone was dropped in water?

I dropped my phone getting out of a vehicle last night, during a pretty heavy rainstorm. I looked for it for about an hour before I found it, facedown in a puddle. I carried it in, but bumped the screen, and it came on. (It was in a protective case, but not anything water-resistant, like an Otterbox.)

Everything worked, other than thinking that a device was plugged into the headphone port. Per an online search, I used a can of compressed air to blow out the port, and that icon went away.

Everything seemed fine, until I tried to plug my charger in. The cord would not fit. Same thing for the headphone jack. Any ideas on how to fix this? (Or clean it, in case mud is in there.)