Phone not charging while on, charging very slowly when off

I just went to plug my phone in and noticed it wasn’t charging. Switched around cable location, etc, nothing was working, wondered if the cable was faulty. Then, I powered off my phone, and it displayed to be charging. Going into the console (was attempting a reboot but was reading a guide for an older phone), it also displayed the battery as in fine condition and charging. Whenever I turn the phone on, it stops charging.

One more detail is when I plugged in the cable to my laptop USB port, the laptop said that it couldn’t read the USB device due to a “malfunction” on its end.