Dock Port Replacement Almost Works

First things first, Try a known good cable.

Then I would reflow the solder points just in case you are getting 1 or 2 with a bad connection (these joints can be difficult.)

If not then it would seem the new port may be faulty and unfortunately may need to be replaced again.

put a sea of flux across all points

get a blunt tip on your iron

put a liberal tin on the iron

go from top to bottom over all of those points, very slowly

put another sea of flux down

put a piece of solder wick down and lightly go over the points from top to bottom

It looks like you have a couple of points that could be arching. It happens. You did a pretty solid job on the soldering, just need to clean it a bit. The wick won't suck up any of the solder making the connections, it will just grab the excess. You want to reflow the solder before you use the wick, with lots of flux. This will make it so you don't have to scrub with the wick, just a light pass vertically.