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如何焊接和拆焊

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  1. 如何焊接和拆焊, 指南开始: 步骤 1 中的图像 1,1
    • 首先,我们用通孔焊盘焊接固定在电路板上的大元件。

    • 已经从两个焊盘去除了电容。 当电容从板上拉出时,每个焊盘都已被加热。

    • 注意焊孔是如何被焊料完全覆盖的。 打开这些孔以便将电容器引线穿过将大大简化安装。

    This is for "Introduction" but didn't see how to comment there.

    Says "newer generations" have soldered batteries but there's no reference as to when this was written so that's not very meaningful. Request clarification.

    Joe - 回复

    加熱してハンダが融けたことを確認してから、部品をゆっくり引き上げて外してください。

    n s - 回复

    Are we to assume that “ESD” stands for “ElectroStatic Discharge?” Keep in mind that newbies (like me) don’t commonly see or use these abbreviations.

    ronherrmann - 回复

    That is correct! I’ll adjust the introduction to clarify that.

    Arthur Shi -

  2. 如何焊接和拆焊: 步骤 2 中的图像 1,2 如何焊接和拆焊: 步骤 2 中的图像 2,2
    • 要打开被焊料阻塞的孔,请用烙铁尖端加热焊盘。 用缝合针或缝针从另一侧推出熔融焊料。

    • 在我们的例子中,我们决定使用向右的角度。 铅焊料不会粘在钢板上,所以在任何的薄的板上可以使用。

    • 将工具一直穿过孔可能需要加热板子几次。 根据经验,加热焊料足够使其熔化,然后从焊盘上取下焊接头。 过热会损坏电子元件。

    Why not use a simple pump-action desoldering tool which can be obtained cheaply from ebay?

    Chris Jackson - 回复

    They are not as easy to use especially for beginners.

    Mike Gross - 回复

    Desoldering wire is much better and also much easyier to use for beginners

    Giuseppe R - 回复

    ¿plomo? lleva prohibido años, espero que sea estaño. 8(

    Ignacio Bilbao Zenitagoya - 回复

    For god’s sake buy a cheap solder sucker. They are trivial to use. This is a tutorial after all. It’s certainly easier to use a solder sucker than to make a clean solder joint.

    Pro tip here - if you are having a hard time taking out solder, USE MORE SOLDER. Yes, it sounds counter-intuitive, but I’ve found that adding a dash of new solder to the troublesome blob you’re working on really helps get out stubborn old solder. Works even better with a solder sucker!

    J. A. Gonzalez - 回复

    こういう説明が必要な方は、基板のパターンを壊してしまう前にソルダーサッカーやソルダーウイックを使ってください。

    コテ先の操作だけでホールを修正できるのは手慣れた人だけです。

    n s - 回复

    i would use some flux and then some solder wick. flux makes like easy with soldering!

    Logixal - 回复

    Absolutely get some liquid flux involved here. Flux prevents the hot solder from oxidizing and keeps the liquid metal flowing - either into solder wick or a vacuum sucker.

    Sonar Tech - 回复

    reccomended tempature?

    Travis Gann - 回复

    Usually around 300 - 350° C gets the work done.

    Daniele Carminati -

    good god thank you. finally someone asked & answered. a tutorial for this kind of extremely difficult, heat sensitive work - yet no mention of a safe, recommended temperature.

    these tutorials are for beginners after all , aren’t they?

    lexxrossini -

  3. 如何焊接和拆焊: 步骤 3 中的图像 1,2 如何焊接和拆焊: 步骤 3 中的图像 2,2
    • 当工具完全通过该孔时,通过加热焊盘的顶部,同时用工具来扩大孔。

    • 这两个焊接孔现在应该足够大以插入组件的裸导线。

    Using a solder sucker will make it a lot safer to the board/copper traces than using a needle or paper clip to clear the hole.

    J. Goodenough - 回复

    Yes, please use a solder sucker, or even solder wick.

    If you don’t have some flux laying around, add a tiny bit of new solder if the old solder is being stubborn and not going away. Sounds odd adding more solder to remove solder, but it works!

    J. A. Gonzalez - 回复

    Yikes. This is a horrible step. It risks tearing the pad and the via, and it also stretches the FR4 which would create microfractures in the internal layers. Use a lead that the same size or smaller than the hole if you absolutely have to clear it like this. Jamming a scribe into the hole is no bueno!

    Sonar Tech - 回复

  4. 如何焊接和拆焊: 步骤 4 中的图像 1,1
    • 准备已经清除了多余焊料的元件。 触点应足够清洁以穿过焊盘孔。

    • 沿着每个触点的长度滑动烙铁头,将焊料从部件上擦去。 通过海绵将烙铁头擦拭干净,清洁烙铁铁尖。

    • 过热会损坏组件,因此不要长时间将烙铁与组件相接触。

    Don’t use a moist sponge if you can avoid it. Water from a moist sponge will get into your tip’s micro-fractures and oxidize it rapidly. I’ve lost many tips to moist sponges.

    Use a cheap solder scour pad instead. They are made of copper, which is soft and will scrub solder away without damaging your tips. If you can’t afford a proper scour pad, make one yourself. Go to the dollar store and buy a copper wire scrubber for like 50 cents. I use the dollar store scrubbers to replace old worn out scour pads.

    J. A. Gonzalez - 回复

    ADD LIQUID FLUX before doing this step. No mention of flux yet and we’re at Step 4? Maybe we need a guide for the guide!

    Sonar Tech - 回复

  5. 如何焊接和拆焊: 步骤 5 中的图像 1,1
    • 将触脚插入并穿过焊盘上的孔。

    • 为了方便焊接,略微弯曲通过孔突出的触脚,使它们保持在适当的位置。

  6. 如何焊接和拆焊: 步骤 6 中的图像 1,3 如何焊接和拆焊: 步骤 6 中的图像 2,3 如何焊接和拆焊: 步骤 6 中的图像 3,3
    • 焊接连接:

    • 将烙铁头放在焊盘上。

    • 将足够的焊料熔化到焊盘上,以使电容器的触点引线牢固地固定到位。

    • 一旦足够的焊料熔化到焊盘上,移走烙铁和焊料。

    Using a little electronic soldering paste on both the components leads and board traces will eliminate the need for excessive heat build up, there by making a sound electronic connection.

    J. Goodenough - 回复

    Not everyone has soldering paste handy unless they are going to do a lot of soldering.

    Mike Gross - 回复

    Solder joint on the left is not good. Solder should be shiny and be shaped like the Atari logo.

    Solder joint on the right is very good, they should all look like that.

    J. A. Gonzalez - 回复

    The lack of solder flux here is the reason these joints wouldn’t get anywhere close to being passed by QA. Add flux and try again.

    Sonar Tech - 回复

  7. 如何焊接和拆焊, 中级指南: 步骤 7 中的图像 1,1
    • 接下来我们将介绍一个中等困难的焊接。 在我们的例子中,我们将焊接非常薄而精细的导线到电路板。

    • 包括电线在内的小型电子元件不像较大的组件那样能够快速散热。 这使得它们非常容易过热。 确保加热连接处融化焊料的时间恰到好处。

    • 通过加热电路板的顶部的接头,同时用镊子拉出导线,将引线从焊盘上取下。

  8. 如何焊接和拆焊: 步骤 8 中的图像 1,2 如何焊接和拆焊: 步骤 8 中的图像 2,2
    • 焊料通常是通过电路板上的焊盘掩盖一些孔。 打开这些孔大大简化了焊接。

    • 在从板的另一侧加热相同的垫片时,通过将一个钉子压靠在堵塞物上,通过焊盘打开孔。

    • 第三只手”工具(或朋友)可以在此过程中大大帮助。

    Again, if you force any metal object through these holes you increase the chance of damaging circuit board traces on both sides of the board.

    J. Goodenough - 回复

    Take a green or yellow injection needle. Make the solder hot and push the needle through the hole. Injection needles are made of stainless steel and are not liable to the solder.

    Nimm eine grüne oder gelbe Injektionsnadel. mach das Lot heiß und stoße die Nadel durch das Loch. Injektionsnadeln sind aus Edelstahl und haften nicht am Lot.

    Mike Kaleu - 回复

  9. 如何焊接和拆焊: 步骤 9 中的图像 1,2 如何焊接和拆焊: 步骤 9 中的图像 2,2
    • 清除所有孔后,用镊子插入引线的裸露端。

    • 为了将引线保持在正确位置,首先将电池引线弯曲成最终形状,然后将剥离的端部插入孔中。

  10. 如何焊接和拆焊: 步骤 10 中的图像 1,1
    • 焊接每个连接:

    • 将烙铁头放在焊盘上。

    • 将足够的焊料熔化到焊盘上,使接触引线牢固地固定到位。

    • 一旦足够的焊料熔化到焊盘上,则取下焊料和烙铁头。

    Add liquid flux to each pad before inserting the wires.

    Sonar Tech - 回复

    Ok, you love liquid flux, we got it (i agree with you that flux is your best friend while soldering)

    Daniele Carminati -

  11. 如何焊接和拆焊, 高级指南: 步骤 11 中的图像 1,1
    • 对于最后一部分,电池引线将焊接到表面贴装焊盘。 这些类型的接头难以焊接,因为引线在焊接过程中没有固定的锚定点(例如通孔)将其固定到位。

    • 要焊接接头,将吸锡线放在现有焊球的顶部,然后用烙铁将吸锡线向下压。

    • 一旦焊料熔化并流入吸锡线,从接头上取下吸锡线。

    • 对剩余的引线重复相同的步骤。

    • 当一段吸锡线被焊料充满后,应对其进行修整和丢弃。

    Könnte heiß werden an den Fingern

    Maik Nousch - 回复

    flux flux flux its your friend! use it!

    Logixal - 回复

    Halleluiah! Liquid flux in a needle bottle is almost as important as the solder itself. Also, you need to tin that soldering iron tip!

    Sonar Tech -

    Before desoldering, weld a little part of solder in de desolder cupper

    Repfreak - 回复

  12. 如何焊接和拆焊: 步骤 12 中的图像 1,1
    • 我们建议你使用软布、海绵或牙刷和少量外用酒精清洁表面贴装焊盘。

    • 要将一小块焊料熔化到每个焊盘上:

    • 将烙铁头放在焊盘上。

    • 熔化焊料,使其在焊盘顶部形成圆顶形状。

    • 一旦足够的焊料熔化到焊盘上,请从焊盘上移走焊料和烙铁头。

    Using a solder wick requires using too much heat and will damage your surface mount component

    J. Goodenough - 回复

    But what do you use instead?

    arno -

    A solder sucker.

    Paul Hudson - 回复

    …or a vacuum removal tool. Ceramic caps are absolutely notorious for cracking when overheated. Cracks=shorts in MLCC.

    Sonar Tech - 回复

    MLCC stands for ? Sorry, I’m french

    Gilles Guérin - 回复

    Bonjour Gilles, voilà l'équivalent en français "condensateurs céramiques multicouches"

    Claire Miesch -

  13. 如何焊接和拆焊: 步骤 13 中的图像 1,1
    • 焊珠应该看起来像一个小圆顶或半球。 如果是平坦的或锯齿状的,只需将烙铁放回焊料上,再重新熔化,然后将烙铁拉走。 如果不起作用,可能需要更多的焊锡。

    Better still, apply some flux and touch it with the soldering iron and it will then flow properly.

    Chris Jackson - 回复

  14. 如何焊接和拆焊: 步骤 14 中的图像 1,1
    • 要将新的引线焊接到电路板上,请将一根导线的裸露端放在相应焊盘上的焊珠上。

    • 将烙铁头放在焊锡珠上,直至熔化。

    • 将引线的暴露端滑入焊料中,直到其位于焊料的中心,然后取走烙铁。

    • 以相同的方式继续其他连接,特别注意不要将两个焊盘焊接在一起。

    The pronunciation of soldering - the whole rest of the world apart from the USA pronounces it like it is spelt - with a hard “l”. That weird pronunciation goes with all the non SI units, and using volume measurements to cook recipes - I can go on……

    markradnor - 回复

结论

要重新组装您的设备,请按照本指南的相反顺序进行操作。

426等其他人完成本指南。

由衷感谢以下译者:

en zh

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35条评论

This is a great guide with awesome clarifying pictures.

Thanks!

Martin - 回复

TIP: Another method which works well for clearing solder from holes (especially on repairs like AC Jacks on laptops) is to use compressed air to clear melted solder from holes. A quick blast with a duster can works well (I have even used a drink straw in a pinch and blown out with a blast of air from mouth). Heat the solder until it liquefies, put the duster straw right above the solder and quickly hit the melted solder with an air blast to instantly clear the hole of solder. This works well on very small holes as melted solder does not always push out cleanly with metal tools. You have to be quick with the air blast because the solder re-hardens rapidly.

GURUmicro - 回复

just be careful doing this lol, flying molten solder can and will burn you or other components.

Logixal -

This is not IPC standards but for the ghetto approach, it will get the job done. I solder in manufacture settings, run my own shop. This is wrong to a degree but will do. If ifixit would like tips from ILLFIXIT then your more then welcome!

Tony Stark - 回复

yeaaaa….. i was going to say something along these lines lol. itll get the job done but its by no means the right \ best way to do the job.

Logixal -

A very good guide to soldering.

I have never soldered anything (I'm a girl you see), but your clear and detailed guidance inspired me to give it a go.

I was well prepared in advance-it could be difficult-and that helped a lot.

I have now got a new battery soldered into my Palm TX and I'm as happy as Larry (or Lorraine in this case)..

geeklynews - 回复

Go Gurl! I'm a gurl, too. I worked in my dad's machine shop for 13+ years. I hit the ground running. Programmed, set up, and fixtured, retro-fitted CNC Mills, using SurfCam and G Code programming. We used Master Cam for the wire EDM. My fave was running a standard lathe. I guess I enjoy cylindrical objects. We held tolerances of .005+/- .001, all the way down to .0003+/-.0002. That…is very microscopic. lol

…add to that, Public Relations, Inventory, Inspector, Fixing Crashed tools, Shipping, Document Control, and so on. All I know is, if it needs to be done, it can be done, if your sharp. And, sometimes we gurls, have a different “feel” for delicate or fine work, as compared to some of the guys. There is nothing we cannot do, as well as anyone else, if we want to, and are willing to learn, and practice. I'm ready to try a little delicate connecting, myself.

Happy Trails and Tablets,

PoniGurll, or

DIY Gurll, otherwise, it won't get done!!

cherihashorses -

Using a solder wick braid is a good thing to do every time you are trying to remove solder from the thru-hole and pad. This is because after you use the solder wick you have a clean hole and a clean pad with just a slight film of solder on it and you have a nice open workspace without any old solder in there. Old solder doesn't have solder flux anymore -it's burned off-and won't "flow" around the component or wire leads and leaves an icy-looking "cold" solder joint, a dull grey glob of solder that is weak and doesn't conduct electricity very well. By wicking it off, the new solder, which does have solder flux, will be shiny, smooth, quite strong and conductive. I've been soldering since the early 70's and solder wick is a good friend if you use it right. No need for staples or picks, either.

Clarkness - 回复

Also, to help the solder wick pickup the solder faster and to help clean the solder pad at the same time, put just a little flux on the wick before applying the iron to the wick, then wipe the area clean with some alcohol, works great.

C.Vos -

One more thing about having your solder iron on the pads for too long. If you get them too hot the pad will actually separate and lift up off the PC board, tearing the delicate copper trace, and the PC board will be useless.

Clarkness - 回复

Perfect Illustrations, Thank you.

semi bariche - 回复

I found this to be a clear and easy tutorial on how to solder to remove and install small electrical components. Excellent for beginners and useful for experts in teaching situations.

Allan Ryle - 回复

Very good guidance

allwin2abbas - 回复

another tip is if you do not have a soldering station and your iron gets too hot just unplug it and continue and never ever dunk your soldering iron in flux if it is excessively hot because it will take the conductive coating off the tip of your soldering iron. also dont dip touch the tip of your iron (while its off) because the oils from your hand can burn through the tip like the flux.

ps: this is from my personal experience and its just some things to look out for

Blair McLeod - 回复

This is a good job thanks.

Ivette Carlier - 回复

Nice post describing PCB Repair soldering with images. It is quite easy to understand also.

Solder Training - 回复

What is the best diameter of solder to use on iPod Shuffle batteries? Lead-free? Please be very specific. Thanks much!

plantae13 - 回复

Sooo just bought a soldering iron, never used one before in my life, re attaching wires to a little motherboard for a light switch and dimmer, this page literally just taught me exactly what i needed to know and success the first try! Thank so much! finally someone knows they’re stuff instead of me having to go through 30 different pages of nothing on google lol respect dude! keep it up!

mistynoel85 - 回复

Great guide! It also helps to use a bit of flux on the points to aid with adhesion of new solder to the contact points, and to help with heat transfer from the solder tip onto the solder pad.

arfan_nazar - 回复

I need to solder my wifi it came loose on my insignia tablet. All i need to know is where its located on mother board. Please guide me

Valerie Callahan - 回复

Don’t forget to use plenty of flux!

pohlman357 - 回复

I was quite surprised that flux wasn’t mentioned anywhere in this guide - and the pictures are proof that none was used.

Sonar Tech -

Really great photographs with excellent descriptions.

I believe any soldering procedure should start with selecting the right wattage soldering iron and tip for the task. Common small wattage soldering irons commonly used to solder small electronics are 15 to 45 Watts.

Second is tinning a new soldering iron tip. Tinning means the first time the tip is heated you melt solder onto the tip until solder sticks to the tip. Even if a tip is factory tinned you’ll want to tin it yourself. Solder needs to stick to a tip to correctly aid in the transfer of heat from the iron to the component.

Another (cheap) way to clean solder off connections is to use a squeeze bulb with a silicone tip. The squeeze bulb creates a vacuum when it is squeezed and the vacuum sucks the melted solder up into the bulb.

Jim Fogle - 回复

“Appreciated” Marvellous photos /snaps also nicely & thoroughly explained. Bravo.

BBN - 回复

Plug in the soldering iron. Wait for it to heat up… test by tapping solder on to the soldering iron tip. Having ‘tinned’ the soldering tip, apply the tip to the component leg and PCB. If the component leg is comparatively ‘thick’, apply more heat to the leg than the PCB. Tap the solder jointly on the component leg and the iron tip. If the component leg is at the right temperature, the solder will flow and make a sound electrical connection. If the component leg is not at the right temperature, the solder will melt on the iron tip and ‘drip’ onto the component not making a good connection.

I’d never do any soldering without a solder sucker e.g. https://www.amazon.co.uk/Draper-23553-De... but be careful when using it on delicate PCBs as the suck can lift circuit tracks where too much heat has been applied.

Davo - 回复

I’m a little late with my comments but just had to brag about my younger days with Heathkits and other companies! I learned how to solder the hard way (without any instructions) and put together a B/W TV, a color TV, an AM/FM receiver and various other little projects. I understand Heathkit is coming back and encourage you younger people to enjoy the hobby of putting together their kits after doing these soldering lessons.

Mike Gross - 回复

The girl is so proud of soldering her first new battery into herPalm TX and is probably not interested in retro-fitted CNC Mills and tolerances of .005+/- .001, all the way down to .0003+/-.0002 and so am i….

Thumbs up for geeklynews

arno - 回复

Absolutely. I’ve worked alongside women in the US Navy. Most of them are very competent, excellent technicians. Like guys, though, you have your whiners and slackers. We are all the same.

Paul Hudson - 回复

Some information in the top title area was misleading, as the iPod isn’t sold anymore (except for the touch with a soldered battery) and the iPhone has had a socketed battery since 2008. I fixed it in the latest unverified version.

DistroHopper39B - 回复

Hello, thanks for this tutorial what kind of soldering wire, especially regarding the diameter, would you advise to use?

Bonjour, thanks for this tutoriel. Quel diamètre de fil à soudure préconiseriez-vous ?

Da Moun - 回复

Bonjour! mon nappe de batterie de telephone est cassé au milieu et j’ai une idée de relié avec de fil , qu’est ce qu’on va faire?merçi

Tahiantsoa Rajaonarison - 回复

and where/how do we post future questions ?

James Walker - 回复

practice on eWaste first

Lindsay Alford - 回复

Some mention in the article should include flux and flux removal.

pampanito - 回复

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