My laptop start to freeze after updating the system

You are likely facing a bad HD SATA cable. These tend to get worn from rubbing on the rough aluminum surface of the uppercase and/or the ribbon cable bends where improperly formed.

Here’s the needed part MacBook Pro 13" Unibody (Mid 2012) Hard Drive Cable and here’s the guide you’ll need to follow MacBook Pro 13" Unibody 中期2012 硬盘线缆替换

You’ll need to place a strip of electricians tape on the uppercase where the cable crosses over. In addition you don’t want to fold the cable instead you want to form a smooth arc in the cable where the cable needs to bend around. I use a BIC pen ink straw to help me form the bend. That way I don’t damage the fragile foil wires within it.