Can I convert my iPhone into a computer?

The phone is already a small computer in a basic sense. So instead of taking it apart and trying to use PC components interact with the iPhone hardware (not impossible, but not anywhere near remotely easy), you could use the power cable and a dock and use that to make the phone stationary, instant computer. Then if you want to add speakers, a monitor, external storage, there are ways to add each one of those components with adapters and or network/bluetooth connections.

Long story made short: It's already a computer, don't take it apart, use the options already available to you to make it more useful or productive.

Ryke Thomas,your phone has the hardware, but it is the iOS that does not let you use it as a "conventional computer" It already does pretty much anything a "computer" can do :-) and more.