I have the notorious problem with this logic board. On top of that, the board has had an attempt to work on the touchbar area, which looks pretty devastated. I tried every OS and everything failed, but installing Sonoma (with Open Core Patcher) did the trick. Of course the touchbar still doesn't work and never will, but the machine boots up without asking for the "critical update" anymore.
Maybe someone else can try the same and let us all know how it goes. Best of luck, guys.